The Reverse Turing Test

Not surprisingly, I spend a lot of time maintaining the Hati and Skoll website.  All websites nowadays have several levels of protection against “them evil spammers and hackers.” Recently WordPress, which is the fundamental engine beneath all of this added a simple “CAPTCHA” to the administrative login and this has worked wonders. A CAPTCHA, as I’m sure many of you know, is a simple question that, hopefully, only a human can answer.  In WordPress’ case its a simple math question like “1 + 3 = ?.” If you try to comment on Hati and Skoll you’re asked to read a little bit of graphic text. That’s another form of CAPTCHA.

What struck me was that the CAPTCHA is a “Reverse Turing Test.”  Alan Turing was interested in the concept/question of machine intelligence. He introduced his test in his landmark 1950 paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,  Turing begin the paper with the words: “I propose to consider the question, ‘Can machines think?'” He then morphs this question to one that is, perhaps, more accessible “Can machines do what we (as thinking entities) can do?”  We imagine an interaction between a human and a computer where the computer tries to prove to the human that he/she too is human by answering questions. As you can imagine there is a rich Science Fiction literature around this concept and for 65 years we have been intrigued with the question (and creeped out by the movies) how a machine could trip us up and prove to us that it is also human.

Well, fast forward to the modern day.  The question has essentially reversed. Indeed, the acronym CAPTCHA stands for “Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.” Computers are not proving to us that they are human. Rather we are proving to them that we are human, remain human. The deeper  question is, of course, who’s in charge?

Tragedy in Nepal

A month ago I posted about some wonderful pictures by BBC photographer Richard Fenton-Smith of Street Art in Kathmandu, Nepal. I am haunted and I think that we have to pause today and remember the victims of the monster Earthquake that hit Nepal yesterday. The photographs and videos that will bring this human tragedy to life for us are just beginning to come in. It is not that a picture is worth a thousand words, it is that there are not words enough.

A woof for Jane

Figure 1 - Fresh Pond puppy, Ellie. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Figure 1 – Fresh Pond puppy, Ellie. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Recently, dear friend and loyal reader Jane posted a comment to one of my blogs which was to the effect, “enough with the birdies and the cats how about some dog pictures?” It is certainly the case that I have a preference for furry friends of the feline purrsuasion. Dogs are way too accommodating. Cats must be won over. A dog can usually be won over with a biscuit. This is not to say that I have anything against dogs.  the Fresh Pond Reserve is a dog’s paradise and there are so many of them on any given day.  I have, in fact, made it my business to befriend as many of them as possible. The City of Cambridge allows them to run off leash if they have a current City of Cambridge dog license, and you can walk up to three dogs at a time.  Fresh Pond even has a little beach for the dogs, not on the main reservoir but on axillary Little Fresh Pond. Anyway,

In addition to the dogs there are the dog walkers, and you get to know them as well. There is this nice young fellow, a professional dog-walker, named Max, who by serendipity has only white dogs as clientele.  Recently he expanded his business and can now be seen in the company of a precocious black dog named Luca.

The thing about dogs is if you once greet them they are your friend for life.

“Woof! – how you doing?”

“Woof! – don’t pet him, pet me.”

“Woof! – no I mean it, pet me!”

“Woof – how about a cold, soggy, nose, and a slobbering tongue?

“Woof – haha, bet you have no idea where this nose has been.”

“Woof, – got any treats in that camera bag?”

“Woof – hey do I smell cat?”

“Woof, woof, woof.”

So anyway, Figure 1 is a woof for Jane.  Her name is Ellie.  Being a Cambridge dog, Ellie is kind of an intellectual.

“Woof – photograph me. I suggest in black and white.”

Woof, woof – maybe with a warm sepia tone, not over wrought.

At least I’m pretty sure that she said over-wrought.

“…there are pansies, they’re for thoughts.”

Figure 1 - The pensive little man in the pansy. Acton, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Figure 1 – The pensive little man in the pansy. Acton, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

I don’t what to seem like a broken record, but I posted about Pansies last May. So I am seeking an indulgence from my readers for repetition. “… there are pansies, they’re for thought.” Those are Ophelia’s words from Shakespeare’s Hamlet and they remind us of the medieval association of the flower “pansy” with thought.  The English name pansy comes from the French word pensée “thought.”  It was imported into Late Middle English as a name of for certain violets in the mid-15th century.  The why lies in the flower itself, the face of a little thoughtful man.  To me it resembles more a thoughtful lion, especially when, as in Figure 1, the pansy is yellow or orange.

But, and here’s the significance, every spring when I see pansies of whatever color, I look for that little face, the little thoughtful man.  That instantly reminds me of Hamlet, always one of my favorites, and of visits to the Cloisters in New York City growing up where they have this wonderful Shakespeare Garden of all the plants mention in his plays. So please indulge my repetition and enjoy the face of the lion.

Figure 1 – Canon T2i with EF70-200mm f/4L USM lens hand-held at 81 mm, ISO 400, Aperture-Priority AE mode at 1/640th sec at f/11.0 with +1 exposure compensation

The chartreuse moment

Figure 1 - Willows leafing out, April 2015. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Figure 1 – The chartreuse moment – willows leafing out, April 2015. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

It is April. It is New England. For the last couple of weeks I have been eying the willows.  Even before the snow melted there were signs of life in their buds. They are the first to leaf in spring and the last to drop their leaves in the fall.  I caught this pair yesterday.  They are harbingers of a very special moment among the seasons.  Trees do not just turn green. First there is a short, chromatically warm, and spectacular season of chartreuse. And even today the color of this pair of willows is just a bit more mundane shade of green.

Figure 1 – Canon T2i with EF70-200mm f/4L USM lens hand-held at 81 mm, ISO 400, Aperture-Priority AE mode at 1/400th sec at f/18.0 with – 1 exposure compensation.

Climb every mountain

Figure 1 - Photograph released on April 19, 2015 by KCNA reporting to show Kin Jong-Un on the summit of Mount Paektu with the sun rising behind him.

Figure 1 – Photograph released on April 19, 2015 by KCNA reporting to show Kin Jong-Un on the summit of Mount Paektu with the sun rising behind him.

It was reported by the North Korean state news agency KCNA on Monday that North Korea’s Supreme Leader, Kim Jong-Un, had accomplished the amazing feat of climbing North Korea’s tallest mount, Mount Paektu and photographs, such as that of Figure 1, showing Un at the summit were released.  Mount Paektu is snow covered and ~ 9,000 feet tall. This is quite amazing for several reasons: first Un suffers from knee problems and has been seen with a cane lately, and second he did it without wearing any special climbing gear: no hat and just his usual overcoat and leather loafers.It is simply amazing.  It is also surprising, from an optics point of view, to see the crisp white glow of the Supreme Leader’s outline and how his shadow doesn’t match the sunrise behind him.  Hmm!

The Force Awakens

Last week the trailer  for the new Star Wars movie, “The Force Awakens” was released and the world is once again gripped in Star Warsamania, or some such variation.  Anyway on Sunday night I was looking for something light and appealing in the world of photography to cap off the week, when I discovered that Madame Tussaud’s Wax Museum in London is launching a special exhibit to celebrate star wars.  What could be better. As a preview there is a wonderful set of photographs on the official Madame Tussaud’s site.  So now you may find Jabba the Hut holding Princess Leia captive in chains, and Yoda in the Dagobah Swamp (he be) and all of your favorites. The exhibit is meant to be an “immersive experience.”And there is something really other worldly and incongruous to see modern day people putting the finishing touches on these brilliant waxworks.

In the midst of Avalon

Figure 1 - Viviane, the Lady of the Lake, Fresh Pond Cambridge, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Figure 1 – Viviane, the Lady of the Lake, Fresh Pond Cambridge, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

In New England there are two Avalons. The first, or earliest, refers to Avalonia, which was microcontinent that developed as a volcanic arc on the northern margin of the Paleozoic continent of Gondwana. It eventually rifted off, becoming a drifting micro-continent. Some of the oldest rocks of Western Europe, Atlantic Canada, and parts of the coastal United States, including parts of Maine and the North Shore of Massachusetts, are Avalonian in origin. Most directly, Avalonia is named for the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland. But of course, there is a deeper and much more mythic meaning that derives its origins from the ancient legends of the English speaking peoples.

This is the epic story of King Arthur and the mythic mist enshrouded island referred to as “Avalon.” Avalon was ruled by The Lady of the Lake.” There were several Ladies of the Lake. It was the second,  Ninianne, who gave King Arthur the sword Excalibur. But it was the first Lady of the Lake, Viviane, who was taught her magic by the great wizard, Merlin. Merlin became  enamored of Viviane. But virtuously and cleverly she refused to give him her love until he had taught her all his secrets.  Then she used these powers to entrap him forever in the trunk of a tree.  Most significantly, and fatalistically Merlin, who had the power to see the future, knew that this would happen, but he was powerless to prevent it. This, I suppose, means that ultimately she was the more powerful sorceress.

A couple of weeks back, I was walking around Fresh Pond in Cambridge and was thinking first about its geological history as a glacial kettle pond.  But then I was taken by the still dampness of the mist and the way that light, sky, and water interacted.  These are always different. It felt particularly magical on that day, and I was taken (Figure 1) by a tree branch, perhaps a stick figure, protruding through the calm surface of the pond and I thought of the Lady of the Lake, of Viviane. And nearby there was an ancient tree (Figure 2) that was damp from rain and there were strange roots that enabled it to cling to the slope of the hill and seemed to indicate that there was something magical and other worldly about this particular tree. This made me think of Merlin’s tree. All of this lasted only a few minutes, as most moments of mythic awareness do, before I was drawn inevitably back to the realities of the present, to ISO, f-settings, and exposure times and to the need to return to work.

Figure 2 - Merlin's tree, Fresh Pond, Cambridge, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Figure 2 – Merlin’s tree, Fresh Pond, Cambridge, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Figure 1 – Canon T2i with EF70-200mm f/4L USM lens hand-held at 70 mm, ISO 1600, Aperture-Priority AE mode at 1/800th sec at f/10.0 with + 1 exposure compensation.

Figure 2 – Canon T2i with EF70-200mm f/4L USM lens hand-held at 70 mm, ISO 1600, Aperture-Priority AE mode at 1/200th sec at f/10.0 with + 1 exposure compensation.

 

Pied-eye grebe – Podilymbus podiceps

Pied-eye grebe, Little Fresh Pond, Fresh Pond Reserve, April 2015. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

Pied-eye grebe, Little Fresh Pond, Fresh Pond Reserve, April 2015. (c) DE Wolf 2015.

I have been chasing the little fellow in Figure 1 for the last couple of weeks in hopes of getting a decent photograph of what I thought was an American Coot.  He is in fact a pied-eye glebe. The give away was the fact that his eyes were not red like those of a coot, and his bill, while white, had that little black band. But what of pied-eye and what does it have to do with the pied piper? Pie comes from the black and white magpie, and pied appears to means blotchy.  As for the piper, that medieval pedophile, who lured children into the woods, he is described and depicted in clothes of many colors.

The image of Figure 1 is the best that I have been able to manage so far, as I have yet to get very close to the little fellow.  I think that the grebe falls under the category as to be so ugly or plain as to be beautiful.  Certainly the eyes and face are appealing, as is the modesty of his tail.

As for identification of birds, I’d like to suggest for those of you interested in such things a clever, a free cell phone App from my alma mater, Cornell University, called the Merlin Bird ID App. It asks for the date, your location, and a few questions about the bird and then gives you pictures of the most likely candidates.  You then confirm which one is correct and this feeds back to the folks at the Sapsucker Woods Ornithology lab to improve the App’s accuracy.  It nailed the grebe immediately. I think that it is also worth mentioning that even when you get a Bad” or “failed” photograph of a bird that your not sure of, the photograph is a tool onto itself in providing details that you might otherwise have not seen or not recorded in your mental note.

Canon T2i with EF70-200mm f/4L USM Lens hand-held at 200 mm, ISO 1600, Aperture-Priority AE mode at 1/1600th sec at f/10.0 with + 1 exposure compensation and center auto focus.