Figure 1 – George Wallace Attempting to block integration at the University of Alabamaand being confronted by U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, fifty years ago today. From the Wikimediacommons and the archives of the LOC and in the public domain.

We have discussed at some length the iconic image of the Turkish woman in red, how she became a meme, and how she rapidly rose to worldwide internet status.  Well just as her memetic stature was starting to fade, we were greeted today by new images from Istanbul, these of riot police emptying Taksim Square in a blaze of tear gas and water cannon.

Well, even keeping away from the specifics of the politics, there’s a lot of interesting aspects to this.  The goal of the opposition is always to create memes to appeal to the common psyche.  The goal of those in power is what?  To try very hard not to create memes?  Or is it to create the meme of the iron fist?  Either way, historically this fails.  I vividly remember my political science teacher in college remarking that the only legitimate wielder of power in a society is the government, but each time they use that power against the citizenry they diminish it.

Images of today’s police offensive in Istanbul is a very recognizable meme. The oppression of lawful demonstrations in Turkey seems all too familiar to other squares and other crackdowns.  indeed, you can argue that we are watching the genesis or reinforcement of a meme.  We have seen this play before and ultimately we know how it will end.

And then, as if that is not enough, we have NBC reporter Richard Engel broadcasting live from Taksim Square wearing a gas mask.  What is the subliminal message of this –   that it has become unsafe to breath the very air that is our human birthright, or that repression has forced us to inhabit the dark subterranean places frequented by rats and moles?  At some level it is certainly that freedom of expression is not squashed, but ultimately triumphant.  I apologize if I am being melodramatic.  But the Engel image is so bizarre as to become surreal.  The meaning is complex and subtle.  But it is powerful stuff.

And finally, consider Turkish Woman in Red in the context of Figure 1.  This is an image from the United States Library of Congress and shows Alabama Governor George Wallace barring entry to the University of Alabama by African American students.  Here he is confronted by United States Attornery General Nicholas Katzenbach.  The image was taken fifty years ago today.

Figure 1 Abraham Lincoln’s first Inauguration, May 4, 1861. From the Wikimediacommons and in the public domain.

In my post on Friday we discussed the Turkish woman in red and how to a disturbing degree image memes represent stereotypes.  In a sense image memes are a form of shorthand.  And in regard to this shorthand the situation can get darker still. In effect the whole effect can spiral out of control in the mad rush to communicate faster and faster.

In another recent post we discussed our the development of the telegraph by Samuel F. B. Morse (1791-1872) and the laying of the transatlantic cable really represented the world’s first communications internet.  The speed of information transfer from the United States to Europe overnight went from three weeks to three minutes.  In her book “Team of Rivals,” Doris Kearns Goodwin describes the transmission of Abraham Lincoln’s first inaugural address throughout the nation.  This occurred in 1860 just before the laying of Transcontinental Telegraph.  The speech was delivered just before noon, but the text printed in newspapers did not reach the anxious Frances and Fanny Seward in Auburn NY until late at night.  Because of the Pony Express the speech could be read in Sacramento a mere seven days and seventeen hours after its delivery in Washington.

We tend to focus on the snail’s pace time that it took to receive the address.  However, what we should be focusing on is that people read, analyzed, and discussed the text of the address.  People greedily processed information in those days.  The Lincoln-Douglas debates followed a fixed format.  The first speech was an hour long.  This was followed by and hour and a half response.  Finally, the first speaker got a half hour to rebut the response.  So all this totaled three hours of intense reasoning and rhetoric.  Contrast this with today’s debates.  The speakers are lucky to get three minutes to answer a question and rebut.  Most people don’t watch the whole debate, content to watch the sound bites selected by the commentators that agree with their point of view.  The same is true of the inaugural speeches.

The meme of the image, the meme of a picture is all that remains.  Most people are not critical.  If Obama speaks, there’s a whole group that’s going to agree and a whole group that’s going to disagree, based solely on the fact that Obama said it.  Show his picture, the Obama meme, and we immediately like or dislike, hate or love. The effect is just as reflexive.

We really need to ask ourselves how in a society as educated as ours we have let our politics become so very superficial.  A large part of the blame lies in our need to communicate so fast that rational thought becomes a quite impossible luxury.  But, we are dealing with very real, very pressing, and very life or death issues.  This is the very dark side of allowing images and memes to become a shorthand that enables us to avoid thinking.

“Science, abstract geometric art, and human disaster;” those are strange words to string together.  On May 20th an EF5 tornado touched down and slashed across Moore, OK, killing 24 people and injuring 387.  It is now estimated that 1,150 homes were destroyed with total damage estimated to be $2 billion. But really how do you measure the scars on human life that such a killer storm causes?  Each one of those lives and each one of those homes holds a story of deep personal tragedy.

Among its “Pictures of the Week” this past week,  NBC News features an eery satellite image of the tornado’s path.  It was taken with the ASTER instrument on NASA’s Terra satellite.  The image is so-called false-colored.  It emphasizes the infrared, shown in red, where redness indicates vegetation.  Gray areas indicate buildings and pavement.  The twister’s path of destruction is the sharp brown streaks slashing across the image where all vegetation has been totally destroyed.

The picture is very strange and surreal.  It appears like some kind of geometric abstraction.  But really it’s the scientific abstraction that truly grabs us.  Our minds connect this distant quantitative image with the hundreds of images that we have already seen from ground-based cameras of the human tragedy that unfolded on the ground.  It’s very impersonal from space and very real on the ground.

Figure 1 – Raphael’s Madonna of the Chair, 1515 – the ultimate meme. From Wikipaintings and in the public domain.

I have received some very interesting comments from readers Megan and Andrew regarding my post about the Turkish woman in red.  The discussion really returns us to the view that an image is a meme.  We see it and we draw connotation from it, and the connotation is culturally-based.  In a western context, the dress on the woman is not the uniform of a protestor.  She is an innocent caught up in a violent and violating act.  And yes, the connotation would be different, although not necessarily unsympathetic if the victim was a young man in blue jeans.  In other cultures, perhaps more religiously conservative ones, she might be viewed quite differently.  She might be viewed as getting what she deserves.  The point is that images are powerful memes and that attaching connotation to them is not only what happens but is so ingrained in our psyches as to be what must happen. The process is intrinsic to our circuitry.  We are organizing our thoughts and reactions, connecting with others of our culture in defining how we will react.

And yes again, regardless of our culture, we are stereotyping.  I would suggest that if memes are such an important innate aspect of human thought and culture, then stereotyping becomes innate as well.  We are taught in western culture that stereotyping is bad.  You learn it in preschool – “respect diversity.”  In railing against stereotyping we are seeking to overpower the innate with our intellects.  This is a good thing, but we always have to recognize that our initial reaction will be the innate and overcoming that first impression will be a task.  In fact, I would argue that the only way to truly overcome stereotyping is to replace one meme with another.

Our concern here is about the power of image.  So I hesitate to go further down this path of arguing about right and wrong and stereotyping.  However, it has to be recognized that saying that stereotyping is wrong, which I believe to be true, because my mother taught me so, is paradoxical to the concept of all inclusiveness and respecting diversity.  This was pointed out by Allan Bloom in his book “The Closing of the American Mind.”  Traditionally, all cultures believe that they have “the truth” and as a result are superior to all other cultures.  To say that we have obtained a new truth, that all cultures and their practices must be respected, so called cultural relativism, is to say that our culture has a greater truth than all others – that we are superior because of attaining this greater truth.

Also in the face of cultural relativism is that we firmly believe that certain practices are fundamentally wrong. Slavery, suppression of women or any group, child abuse are examples.  We condemn those cultures that practice these.  Well, so be it!  What we wish for the world is a more inclusive and freer society – which calls for an evolution of culture.  Whether the human race will ever achieve such utopia is under question.  Will such a culture evolve out of what Joseph Campbell referred to as the mythic ruins of our modern day world or whether culture conflict will remain the norm, really remains to be seen.  What we may be certain of is that we will always hold powerful images in our minds that connect us all.

Some months ago I discussed Herb and Dorothy Vogel and their amassing, over the course of decades, what is arguably the greatest collection of minimalist art – and this on a budget.  The Vogels donated their collection to the National Gallery in Washington and fifty works to each of the fifty states.  Well, if you’re feeling that the Vogels beat you to it, or if you’re feeling that you should have started collecting some thirty or forty years ago, this may be your golden opportunity to make up for lost time.

The “Soho Photographer,” D. James Dee, who spent his career of thirty-nine years documenting work for artists, galleries, exhibitions, books and portfolios is retiring.  He is closing his Manhatan Wooster Street studios and moving with his wife to Florida.  All of his work, sixty-five file board boxes filled with approximately 250,000 photographs is not coming with him.  Dee explains that if someone asked for four images he would make five and save the extra one.  And Dee is ready to give all his extras away, ideally to a nonprofit archive.

There is one caveat.  To listen to all accounts, Dee has done a rather primitive job of documenting and labeling what’s what.  So this is going to require massive amounts of sleuthing by experts in Soho art history to piece it all back together.  All of the major likely candidate institutions: The National Gallery of Art, Getty Images, and the Fales Library and Special Collections of New York University have declined to take on the collection, discouraged by the lack of captions and the required of storage space.

This is certainly a very valuable archive, and its imminent demise touches on many of the issues at the heart of historic preservation.  Hopefully, a way will be found to preserve it intact, and hopefully too, a way will be found to archive it.  I will keep you informed of what happens.  The moving vans are coming on July 24 and it will be a tragedy if these photographs wind up in the dumpster.

The latest image to go viral on social media is that of the “Turkish woman in red”  It’s actually a short sequence that you can find as a video showing a young Turkish woman being sprayed in the face by police wielding teargas guns.   The image is hauntingly symbolic.  The woman is stylishly dressed in western clothing.  She seems out of place, as if she has suddenly stumbled upon the riot,  As Alexandra Hudson of Reuters points out ” in her red cotton summer dress, necklace and white bag slung over her shoulder she might have been floating across the lawn at a garden party; but before her crouches a masked policeman firing teargas spray that sends her long hair billowing upwards.”  Coupled with the stop action nature of the photos the sequence and individual images take on a dream like quality.  That is until you realize how vicious and nasty spraying teargas directly into someone’s face is. In that context the woman in red stands defiant against the conservative government of Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan.  She is demanding her right to sexual equality and independence.

The appeal of the photograph, of course, lies both in its incongruity and in the “girl next door” quality of the young woman.  I cannot help but be reminded of “Les Misérables.”  This story has been played out before.  That was the June Rebellion of 1832.No king now sits on the throne of France.The ultimate power of this sequence of images is that the answer is inevitable.  The future belongs to the world’s youth.  Equality and liberty are not just slogans.  The world ultimately belongs to Éponine, Marius, and Cosette.  All of that is in four little frames, demonstrating once again the power of image.

I came upon a truly stunning picture today by underwater photographer and scuba instructor, Kyle McBurnie which shows a harbor seal looking out from a kelp forest at Cortes Bank, near San Diego, CA.  This image is this year’s University of Miami’s Rosenstiel Center of Marine and Atmospheric Science annual Underwater Photography contest.  The composition of this image is gorgeous.  I love the vertical elements, which give the seal the sense of carefully balanced buoyancy.  Of course we’ve got “picture perfect” use of the “golden rule of thirds.” Finally I just love the wonderful tones of inky blues as well as the way that the surface light enters and diffuses from the right.  You can feel this image.  Bravo and congratulations to scuba instructor Kyle McBurnie.

I am forever looking for wonderful photographs and photographers.  There are a lot of both out there.  It’s just a matter of sorting through all the noise.  As I’ve indicated before, there are only two photography publications that I read religiously, “LensWork” and “View Camera.”  Both of these periodicals take photography seriously.  The focus is art, not equipment or the latest manipulations to be made using Adobe Photoshop.  So they are both great places to be introduced to great photographers.

Recently, as a result of my reading “View Camera,” I decided to subscribe to the Facebook Special Interest Group (SIG) called “Large Format Photography.”  For those of you who are Facebook members I highly recommend this group.  Everyday now I am seeing great pictures.  And the reason is that large format photographers tend to be obsessed with the art of photography and the creation of fine images. So while I am not a practitioner of large format, I highly admire those who are willing to put in the time and effort to do this type of photography.  It’s a laborious process but the results can be quite amazing.

This past weekend I discovered the work of large format artist Susan Harlin.  Of course, I immediately visited her website, where I discovered some very extraordinary photographs.  What Susan creates defines the best of large format, studied composition, tremendous sharpness,  equally tremendous dynamic range that pulls out both subtle tones of black and of white, and just a wonderful velvety sense of tone.

I would start with “Grandad’s Barn, 2012.”  I have to say that this image is simply stunning.  the tonal range is just perfect, the gestalt creates a perfect mellow mood of serenity and mystery.  There’s something about the composition, right?  The subject is the barn; but the lead-in fence takes up most of the picture, creating a kind of background/foreground flip.  Other than genius, the reason is that Susan is using an 8″ x 20″ Korona Banquet panoramic camera.  The dramatic power of such a camera is spectacularly illustrated by her 2007 photograph, “John Ford Country.” In many of her photographs Susan takes the novel and unusual step of turning this camera on its side to create spectacular long and narrow images such as “Icicles, 2010.”

I highly recommend that you visit Susan Harlins website when you have time to study her work.  You can learn a lot from her about creating great images.