Zaida Ben-Yusuf

Figure 1 - Self Portrait of Zaida Ben-Yusuf 1901, from the Wikipedia and the US LOC, in the public domain.

Figure 1 – Self Portrait of Zaida Ben-Yusuf 1901, from the Wikipedia and the US LOC, in the public domain.

The other morning when I was researching malapropisms for my post on “allegory bread,” I was taken aback to find a portrait of Miss Lydia Languish the protagonist of Sheridan’s play “The Rivals.” After all she is a fictional character. How could there be a photograph of her? Well, I suppose there are more bizarre things happening in “this best of all possible worlds.”

But as it turns out, and to set the balance of reality right, the photograph turned out to be a portrait of the end of century (19th – 20 th) actress Elsie Leslie in her role as Lydia Languish (1899) by“Zaida Ben-Yusuf (1869 – 1933).  So we return to a favorite topic, namely 19th century portrait photographers and their salons. Ben-Yusuf was, indeed, one of the greats in this arena. You get the sense that New York City was crowded at the time with such studios. Ben-Yusuf’s studio was at 124 Fifth Avenue. She was noted for her artistic portraits of wealthy, fashionable, and famous Americans of the turn of the 19th–20th century. She was born in London to a German mother and an Algerian father.  In 1901 the Ladies Home Journal featured her as one of  “The Foremost Women Photographers in America.” Significantly in 1896, one of her studies was exhibited in London as part of an exhibition put on by The Linked Ring, the English counterpart to Steiglitz’s “Photo Secessionist” movement. She was a prolific writer and champion of photography as an art form.

For many years Miss Ben-Yusuf’s work and name had fallen into relative obscurity. However, in 2008, the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery mounted an exhibition dedicated to her work, and this has had the effect of re-establishing her as a key figure in the early development of fine art photography in America.

I wanted to feature here two of her Images. The first, Figure 1, is a self-portrait taken in 1901. It accompanied her article “The New Photography — What it has done and is doing for Modern Portraiture,” which was published in the “Metropolitan Magazine”, Vol. XIV, no. III (Sept, 1901), p. 391. The second image, Figure 2, is wonderful for its modernity and powerful pose is her 1899 portrait of Sadakichi Hartmann.

We find ourselves confronted again with nineteenth or early twentieth century visages and the complex set of emotions that they inspire. Have no delusions, it was a tough time to live, but in the United States at least, it was a time of great opportunity. This world of beautiful women clad in crinoline wearing pensive gazes like an army of Lydia Languishes is just exotic enough as to be appealing. Never mind that these are our grandparents and great grandparents. We want to believe that life was simpler then. It was not. The simplicity comes from the superior perch of hindsight. We know their stories. We know what is going to happen. For them a dangerous, life threatening infection was never far away. The great illusion here – the magic of photography – is that we almost feel that if we broke the silence, they could answer us.

 

Figure 1 - Portrait of Sadakichi Hartmann by Zaida Ben-Yusuf, 1899. In the public domain in the United States because of its age.

Figure 1 – Portrait of Sadakichi Hartmann by Zaida Ben-Yusuf, 1899. In the public domain in the United States because of its age.

“She’s as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile”

Figure 1 - Alligator bread. IPhone photograph. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

Figure 1 – Alligator bread. IPhone photograph. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

“She’s as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the NIle,” is one of the famous malapropisms from Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s (1751-1816) wonderful play “The Rivals, 1775.” He [on the other hand] is “the very pineapple of politeness.” Dear, Mrs. Malaprop, where is she now when we poor souls need her so very much?

Anyway, whenever I hear the word “alligator,”  “allegory” springs to mind in its steed (neigh stead).

And so that is what I thought about this morning after “Super Tuesday” when I spotted the little French-bred [sic] alligator or allegory of Figure 1 at the local bakery. Clearly it was sculpted lovingly with children in mind. But we are all children at heart. Or as Mrs. Malaprop herself said: Oh! it gives me the hydrostatics to such a degree.”

Photopictorialist study # 12 – Tree at dusk on Christmas Eve

Figure1 - Tree at dusk on Christmas Eve 2015, Wayland, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

Figure1 – Tree at dusk on Christmas Eve 2015, Wayland, MA. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

One of the fun aspects of digital photography is that every time you open your memory card you get to revisit photographs that you took earlier in the year. This is especially true on a cold winter’s day when you get to see the pictures that you took during summer vacation. Ah the warm and photographic joys of a leisurely summer’s day! I was doing this the other night and I decided to see whether there was anything that I had failed to “work-up.” That typically means that I am looking for difficult to process images. And I found the raw image of Figure 1 that I had taken at dusk, when it was already pretty dark, on this past, and very warm, Christmas eve.

I had been attracted by the ghostly contrasts at the time, as well as the clinging atmosphere.  While all of these aspects were in the image, it was  pretty flat, dark, and kinda boring. It was going to require a lot of manipulation in Adobe Photoshop. A lot of manipulation smacks of photopictorialism; so I though that I would take that tact with the image. The idea of photopictorialism is to work the image hard; so as to create a sense that it is a painting not a photograph.

Usually this painterly quality requires addition of noise, but I found that that did not work here. I did however, use my second favorite trick that of darkening so as to vignette the edges and create the sense of an antique lens and there was also the slight over saturation of the color. There was fuzziness enough from the slow shutter speed. The final result is the image of Figure 1 – failure or success? I am seeing shades of the story “Sleepy Hollow” in this and expect at any moment to see the Headless Horseman come bolting on his steed out of the woods.

“On mounting a rising ground, which brought the figure of his fellow-traveller in relief against the sky, gigantic in height, and muffled in a cloak, Ichabod was horror-struck on perceiving that he was headless!–but his horror was still more increased on observing that the head, which should have rested on his shoulders, was carried before him on the pommel of his saddle!”
– Washington Irving, “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”

Canon T2i with EF70-200mm f/4L USM lens at 78 mm, ISO 1600, Aperture Priority AE Mode 1/25th sect at f/8.0 with -1 exposure compensation.

Bezzera

Reproduction Bezzera Eagle. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

Figure 1 – Reproduction Bezzera Eagle. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

I’d like to follow-up on my recent post about gumball machines. There is something aesthetically wonderful about shiny machines, especially when, like gumball dispensers, they yield up a delicious treat. What is a greater treat than a diminutive shot of espresso? It is the distillation of wonderfulness, the nectar and ambrosia of modern times.  The other evening I was leaving a favorite bakery, when I found discarded on the floor this wonderful antique looking espresso maker. I have done some research on it and I believe that it is, in fact, a reproduction – still available – of the Bezzera Eagle Dome. It is a faithful replica of machines produced by Bezzera during the “belle epoch,” although it does not have an eagle on top. My espresso tastes better already with such a pedigree.

The modern espresso machine appears to have been invented by Italian Angelo Moriondo, who in 1884 patented a steam-driven “instantaneous” coffee beverage making device, In 1901 Luigi Bezzera patented an improved espresso machine. This machine was exhibit at the 1906 Milan International Fair, and Bezzera has proudly and passionately pursued the ideal brew for 115 years. As I am very fond of saying: Un doppio espresso, per favore!

Canon T2i with EF70-200mm f/4L USM lens at 91 mm, ISO 800, Aperture Priority AE Mode, 1/50th sec. at f/5.6 with no esposure compensation.

The social contract of viewing photographs

A big news story this week was the beginning of the trial in the lawsuit brought by sportscaster Erin Andrews against Michael David Barrett and both the Marriott International Hotels and Radisson Hotels. Barrett  filmed Andrews through peepholes at the Nashville Marriott and the Radisson Airport Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. One of these videos, in which Andrews appears totally nude, was released over the internet on July 16, 2009 and quickly “went viral.”  Barrett was subsequently sentenced to thirty months in prison, three years of probation, $5,000 in fines, and $7,366 in restitution. He served his sentence at the Seattle Community Corrections and was released on July 3, 2012. In her lawsuit against Marriott, Andrews alleged that hotel employees gave Barrett the dates she would be at a hotel and a room next to hers. She is struggling to have the video removed from the internet.

These are briefly the facts. While we can admire Ms. Andrew’s courage in taking on her abusers, the devastating consequence to her and her family psychologically is heart-wrenching. This kind of personal violation is overwhelming.

But I wanted to point out one unheard point. IT experts estimate that close to 17 Million people have viewed this video online. But recognize how this kind of prurient postings are presented to us. You have to click to see it. You have to seek it out. This is very much a sin of commission. On a broader level people complain all the time about the content of the internet. But we all share a part in it. So I want to suggest that there is a social contract at work – or really not working – here. When other filters fail, our planetary co-inhabitants, a.k.a other people, expect kind decency from us all to at the very least look away. In a world of digital image overload, we all need to be responsible viewers of photographs.

Social contracts are implicit in human society. The moral in Ms. Andrew’s story is the same as in the story of Lady Godiva and that greatest of all voyeurs, Peeping Tom, Tom bores a hole in his shutters – sound familiar? –  so that he might see Godiva naked, and he is struck blind. Fortunately for Mr. Barrett our sense of retribution has softened in the interval between the 12th century and today.

Obsolete

Figure 1 - Gumball machine. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

Figure 1 – Gumball machine. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

We have spoken before about the role of photography as a recorder of the obsolete – as an archivist, if you will. Recently at the local mall the candy shop closed. This was one of those candy shops where children would load up plastic bags with individual candies – break the teeth and beak the bank. Shortly after the closing, I noticed these gumball machines appearing at strategic locations. Gumball machines were part of my youth. They hanker to New York City Subway vending machines for penny candies – part of the treat of a subway ride for children of the day.

According to the Wikipedia, itself out to obsolete the print encylopedia, vending machines for stick or block shaped gum as early as 1888, but the first machines to carry actual gumballs were introduced in 1907 (probably released first by the Thomas Adams Gum Co). Well, the candy is no longer a penny. They are now a quarter, as the label proclaims. Therein lies their ultimate demise. The price of candy goes up. The use of physical money, and among money of coinage, goes down. A gumball machine is a purely mechanical thing. Unless the government issues a dollar coin, which is unlikely, they will soon be, well, gone with the wind. A chrome sphere filled with luscious gum balls with a protruding electronic credit card reader is a sacrilege.

So I paused a moment the other day to take the photograph of Figure 1. It shows a soon to be obsolete gumball machine in all its prismatic glory. I spent a few moments in reverent contemplation. While someone is still turning a profit, the days of such machines cannot be long.

Marble wall

Figure 1 - Marble wall, Natick, Massachusetts. IPhone photograph. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

Figure 1 – Marble wall, Natick, Massachusetts. IPhone photograph. (c) DE Wolf 2016.

I thought that I would go, or offer up, today an example of photominimalism. The Wikipedia defines “minimalism” in the visual arts and music as style that uses pared-down design elements. This paring down, I think, is key to its appeal. When you look at what might be called a “complex” photograph full of details, it is usually made or broken by fundamental design elements” the golden rule of thirds, sweeping curves, vertical or horizontal lines. But these can be hidden, buried in complexity, to be dug or teased out. Minimalism emphasizes these design elements. We are delighted by its simplicity.

So Figure 1 is an example of photominimalism. I am happiest when I can do it in black and white, which is, in and of itself, a minimalizing element. My eye delights in the curves, the tiles, the glossy texture the marble background contrasted with the matte black of the sweeping lines. For me there is a kind of meditative simplicity to it.

A Day on the Coast

This is a blog post. You can login, go to Posts, and edit each of these to get some initial blog posts set up. Just update the title, change the featured images, and add a paragraph or two of text. Image courtesy of www.unsplash.com.

Important Days

This is a blog post. You can login, go to Posts, and edit each of these to get some initial blog posts set up. Just update the title, change the featured images, and add a paragraph or two of text. Image courtesy of www.unsplash.com.